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Effectiveness of a Remote Physical Activity Intervention in Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease and their Caregivers: Results from a Randomized Trial
CONCLUSIONS: Although MVPA did not increase in the RGV arm, both individuals with ADRD and caregivers demonstrated clinically meaningful gains in functional fitness, supporting the feasibility and benefit of remote dyadic PA programs.
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Structural signature of plasma proteins classifies the status of Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves proteostasis dysregulation causing protein misfolding, but whether these structural changes manifest as plasma conformational biomarkers remains unclear. We profiled plasma protein structures from 520 participants including individuals with AD, individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy controls. Using mass spectrometry and machine learning, we systematically characterized the structural proteome changes associated with ApoE variations and...
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Increased Blood Plasma Levels of Methionine-Oxidized Clusterin Correlate with a Shift from Normal to Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease Stages
Clusterin is a chaperon protein that is involved in many physiological processes, including binding to beta-amyloid (Aβ). Recently, we showed that in Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice and human postmortem brains, there are elevated levels of methionine-oxidized clusterin in the disease state versus controls. These observations prompted us to investigate the possibility that elevated methionine-oxidized levels of clusterin in human blood plasma correlate with clinical diagnosis of both mild...
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Waking up to the truth: Associations between sleep disorders and multidomain functional outcomes in Alzheimer's disease
INTRODUCTION: Sleep disorders are common in older adults and have been increasingly linked to cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, their associations with functional outcomes and underlying pathways remain insufficiently characterized.
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A secondary analysis of autonomic function during high-intensity interval exercise in adults with chronic stroke
Autonomic dysfunction post-stroke negatively affects the cardiovascular system's ability to regulate heart rate and blood pressure response to exercise. While high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) is prescribed for stroke recovery, limited knowledge exists regarding how HIIE impacts autonomic function post-stroke. Characterize autonomic nervous system response to HIIE post-stroke. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded during a 10-min recumbent stepper HIIE bout, cool-down, immediately...
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Differential item functioning of the Geriatric Depression Scale-short form in the NACC dataset
INTRODUCTION: This study examined differential item functioning of the Geriatric Depression Scale - Short Form (GDS-SF) in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) Uniform Data Set (UDS) to identify potential variables that produce measurement bias.
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Intersecting vulnerabilities: race, depression, and white matter hypointensity burden in aging
INTRODUCTION: White matter hypointensities (WMHs) are associated with cognitive decline and dementia. However, it remains unknown how race, ethnicity, and depression influence WMHs. This study examined the interactive effects of race/ethnicity and depression on WMHs and cognition.
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Analytic Bounds on GAMLSS Model Variability of Normative White Matter Brain Charts
Brain charts, or normative models of quantitative neuroimaging measures, can identify trajectories of brain development and abnormalities in groups and individuals by leveraging large populations. Recent work has extended these brain charts to model microstructural and macrostructural features of white matter. Assessments of variance for these brain charts are necessary to determine whether the models being used for these data are stable. We implement an analytic approach to characterize...
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Revising the ABIDE MCI to dementia prediction model for automated cerebrospinal fluid assays
INTRODUCTION: Automated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker assays have largely replaced manual immunoassays for measuring amyloid pathology in CSF. We refitted and validated the ABIDE model, predicting progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia, with CSF measurements from the automated Elecsys platform.
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Optimal cutoffs for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment among English and Spanish speaking Latinos
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is widely used to screen for cognitive impairment, yet commonly applied cutoff scores have been found to perform poorly among US Latinos. Prior studies relied on small samples, combining persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia into a single group, or failing to account for multiple intersecting demographic factors. We identified optimal MoCA cutoffs for MCI and dementia among US Latinos while addressing these limitations. We analyzed...
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Outcomes of an Exercise Intervention in Adults With Down Syndrome and Congenital Heart Disease: A Secondary Analysis
BACKGROUND: Adults with Down syndrome (DS) are less physically active than those without DS. Among adults with DS, those with congenital heart disease (CHD) have lower physical activity than those without CHD. Many trials exclude people with CHD from exercise trials; thus, the safety and effectiveness of these interventions for increasing physical activity and fitness in adults with DS and CHD are not known. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the safety and preliminary effectiveness of...
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Investigating the Utility of Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Neuroimaging-Based Dementia Diagnosis and Prognosis
Artificial intelligence and neuroimaging enable accurate dementia prediction but often involve 'black box' models that can be difficult to trust. Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) aims to provide insights into the model's decisions; however, choosing the most appropriate method is non-trivial and often context-specific. We used T1-weighted MRI to train models on two tasks: Alzheimer's disease (AD) classification (diagnosis) and predicting conversion from mild-cognitive impairment (MCI)...
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Association between brain volume and depression in Alzheimer's disease: Neuroimaging insights
CONCLUSION: Hippocampal atrophy significantly mediates the relationship between depression and AD, suggesting targeted interventions may enhance patient outcomes.
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Long-Term Effect of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors on Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia
CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports the potential role for AChEI in BPSD management, demonstrating a trend toward symptoms stabilization or improvement in patients with mild-moderate dementia. Although the effects were not uniform across all NPI-Q domains, and the limitations of the study, our results reinforces the relevance of AChEI in the comprehensive treatment of dementia.
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Heat Therapy: Targeting Health, Disease, and Disability
Heat therapy is a historic modality that has been used as a source of lifestyle intervention and community for many different cultures. Over the last ~40 years, heat therapy has gained increasing popularity among scientists and clinicians as a potential therapeutic tool for aging and disease. Recently, several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have sought to encompass specific aspects investigated in the scientific literature surrounding this ancient therapeutic modality, with each review...