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Outcomes of an Exercise Intervention in Adults With Down Syndrome and Congenital Heart Disease: A Secondary Analysis
BACKGROUND: Adults with Down syndrome (DS) are less physically active than those without DS. Among adults with DS, those with congenital heart disease (CHD) have lower physical activity than those without CHD. Many trials exclude people with CHD from exercise trials; thus, the safety and effectiveness of these interventions for increasing physical activity and fitness in adults with DS and CHD are not known. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the safety and preliminary effectiveness of...
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Association between brain volume and depression in Alzheimer's disease: Neuroimaging insights
CONCLUSION: Hippocampal atrophy significantly mediates the relationship between depression and AD, suggesting targeted interventions may enhance patient outcomes.
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Long-Term Effect of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors on Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia
CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports the potential role for AChEI in BPSD management, demonstrating a trend toward symptoms stabilization or improvement in patients with mild-moderate dementia. Although the effects were not uniform across all NPI-Q domains, and the limitations of the study, our results reinforces the relevance of AChEI in the comprehensive treatment of dementia.
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Heat Therapy: Targeting Health, Disease, and Disability
Heat therapy is a historic modality that has been used as a source of lifestyle intervention and community for many different cultures. Over the last ~40 years, heat therapy has gained increasing popularity among scientists and clinicians as a potential therapeutic tool for aging and disease. Recently, several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have sought to encompass specific aspects investigated in the scientific literature surrounding this ancient therapeutic modality, with each review...
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Evaluating the association of apolipoprotein E genotype and cognitive resilience in SuperAgers
INTRODUCTION: "SuperAgers" are oldest-old adults (ages 80+) whose memory performance more closely resembles middle-aged adults. The present study examined apolipoprotein E (APOE) allele frequency in non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) SuperAgers compared to controls and Alzheimer's disease dementia cases.
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Dark and camouflaged genomic regions remain challenging in CHM13
Comprehensive genomic analysis is essential for advancing our understanding of human genetics and disease. However, short-read sequencing technologies are inherently limited in their ability to resolve highly repetitive, structurally complex, and low-mappability genomic regions, previously coined as "dark" regions. Long-read sequencing technologies, such as PacBio and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT), offer improved resolution of these regions, yet they are not perfect. With the advent of the...
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Relationship of cholinergic basal forebrain atrophy with the time course of Alzheimer's disease pathology and cognitive decline in adults with Down syndrome: a longitudinal cohort study
INTRODUCTION: Adults with Down syndrome (DS) display increased Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. The cholinergic system declines early in the AD continuum and relates to cognitive and functional decline. We aimed to identify the timeline of cholinergic decline in relation to hippocampal atrophy within the AT(N) framework in DS.
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Fitness After Stroke Trial (FAST): Protocol for a Preliminary Efficacy Study of Recumbent Stepper High-Intensity Interval Training
BACKGROUND: Cardiorespiratory fitness and vascular health are significantly impaired post-stroke. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as a promising strategy to improve walking in people with chronic stroke, but broadly integrating HIIT into stroke recovery remains limited. One key barrier is the reliance on maximal exercise testing to prescribe HIIT, which is often not feasible in clinical settings. To address this gap, the Fitness After Stroke Trial (FAST) evaluates the...
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Neuropathologically validated MRI to tau PET synthesis via Covariate-modulated attention networks
Tau PET is a powerful tool to assess tau pathology in vivo; however, in comparison to MRI, its development is more recent, is rarely available at scale, and substantially more difficult to acquire. Here, we present Covariate-Modulated Attention UNet (CoMA-UNet) to synthesize subject-specific 3D tau PET from T1 MRI while incorporating in the synthesis procedure readily available covariates. Across six external validation datasets, CoMA-UNet reproduced regional patterns of tau PET uptake showing...
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Testing the effects of a text message intervention on depression and distress among Latino dementia caregivers: A randomized controlled trial protocol
CONCLUSIONS: This RCT addresses two priority areas: eliminating dementia disparities and optimizing caregiver support. Findings have the potential to make clinical and policy-relevant contributions by providing appropriate caregiver support to Latinos in a highly scalable way. Protocol version/date: 1/14/2025.
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Genetics of PLCG2 expression and splicing relative to Alzheimer's disease risk
CONCLUSIONS: We report that two AD genetic risk factors, rs12446759 and rs1071644, affect AD risk by impacting the LNC-PLCG2 to PLCG2 ratio and PLCG2 exon 28 splicing, respectively.
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The impact of sex on clinical profiles of patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia
INTRODUCTION: Sex differences in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) remain understudied, especially when controlling for sex differences already existing in the general population.
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A blood based mitochondrial functional index biomarker for Alzheimer's disease
INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is complex and involves mitochondrial dysfunction. There are emerging therapies targeting mitochondrial function in clinical trials for AD. This highlights the need for biomarkers that measure mitochondrial function.
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Structural similarity networks reveal brain vulnerability in dementia
INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by inter-individual heterogeneity in brain degeneration, limiting diagnostic and prognostic precision. We present a novel framework integrating Morphometric Inverse Divergence (MIND) networks with hierarchical Bayesian large-scale population modeling to identify individual-level neuroanatomical deviations.
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Persistent functional impairment as an early indicator of cognitive decline and dementia in cognitively normal older adults
BackgroundFunctional independence is crucial for healthy aging, and its loss is a diagnostic criterion for dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. However, functional impairment (FI) can emerge before dementia diagnosis. Early and accurate characterization of FI may help identify individuals at elevated risk of cognitive decline and dementia.ObjectiveExploring the utility of capturing persistent versus impersistent FI, to identify a higher-risk group for incident cognitive decline and...